Source type |
Reference list examplesSurnames and initials for up to 20 authors should be provided in reference list. |
APA Manual |
---|---|---|
Periodicals |
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, 34(2), 5-14. DOI or URL |
Section 10.1 |
Journal article with DOI |
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 |
p. 317 |
Journal article without DOI |
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17-39. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31 |
p. 317 |
Magazine or newspaper article without DOI |
Print Online |
p. 317, p. 320 |
Blog post |
Klymsowsky, M. (2018, September 15). Can we talk scientifically about free will? Sci-Ed. https://blogs.plos.org/scied/2018/09/15/can-we-talk-scientifically-about-free-will/ |
p. 320 |
Comment on an online article or post |
KS in NJ. (2019, January 15). From this article, it sounds like men are figuring out something that women have known forever. I know of many [Comment on the article “How workout buddies can help stave off loneliness”]. The Washington Post. https://wapo.st/2HDToGJ |
p. 320 |
Books, book chapters, and reference entries |
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of book (2nd ed., E. E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher Name. DOI or URL [if given]. Author, A. A. (year). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. 3-12). Publisher Name. DOI or URL [if given]. |
Sections 10.2 and 10.3 |
Book
|
Printed Book Book with DOI (e-book from library database) Rabinowitz, F. E. (2019). Deepening group psychotherapy with men: Stories and insights for the journey. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000132-000 |
p. 321 |
Edited book |
Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing. Pridham, K. F., Limbo, R., & Schroeder, M. (Eds.). (2018). Guided participation in pediatric nursing practice. Springer Publishing Company. http://a.co/0IAiVgt |
p. 322 |
Book chapter |
Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7-13). CRC Press. |
p. 326 |
Work in an anthology |
Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The complete social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader (pp. 265-284). American Psychological Association. |
p. 328 |
Diagnostic manual |
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10/1176/appi.books/9780890425596 |
p. 324 |
Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia |
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report List of oldest companies. (2019, January 13). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index/php?title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid |
pp. 328-329 |
Reports and gray literature |
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (date). Title of report (Report No. 123). Publisher name. DOI or URLName of Group. (date). Title of gray literature [Description]. Publisher name. DOI or URL |
Section 10.4 |
Report by a government agency or organization |
National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment (NIH Publication No. 18-2424). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life-after-treatment.pdf Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against disinformation. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/imagesDefense_Against_Information/pdf |
pp. 329-330 |
Policy brief |
Harwell, M. (2018). Don’t expect too much: The limited usefulness of common SES measures and a prescription for change [Policy brief]. National Education Policy Center. https://nepc.colorado.edu/publications/SES |
p. 331 |
Conference presentations |
Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B. (year, month days). Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL |
Section 10.5 |
Poster presentation |
Pearson, J. (2018, September 27-30). Fat talk and its effects of state-based body image in women [Poster presentation]. Australian Psychological Society Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia. http://bit.ly/2XGSThp |
p. 333 |
Paper presentation |
Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Stewart, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30-April 2). If mama ain’t happy, nobody’s happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States. |
p. 332 |
Data sets and tests |
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. OR Name of Group. (year or year range). Title of data set (Version #) [Data set OR Unpublished raw data]. Publisher Name or Source. DOI or URL |
Section 10.9 |
Data set |
National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). Fast Response Survey System (FRSS): Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools, 2009 (ICPSR 35531; Version V3) [Data set and code book]. National Archive of Data on Arts and Culture. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR35531.v3 |
p. 338 |
Online content and media and artistic works |
Author, A. A. (Role, if necessary). (date). Title of work (season or episode number, if applicable) [description of media]. Production company, museum, or platform. URL |
Sections 10.12, 10.13, 10.14, 10.15 |
Film or video |
Forman, M. (Director). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest [Film]. United Artists. |
pp. 342-43 |
TV series episode or webisode |
Barris, K. (Writer & Director). (2017, January 11). Lemons (Season 3, Episode 12) [TV series episode]. In K. Barris, J. Groff, A. Anderson, E. B. Dobbins, L. Fishburne, & H. Sugland (Executive Producers), Black-ish. Wilmore Films; Artists First; Cinema Gypsy Productions; ABC Studios. |
p. 343 |
Streaming video |
University of Oxford. (2018, December 6). How do geckos walk on water? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 **The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work. |
p. 344 |
Podcast episode |
Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443) [Audio podcast episode]. In This American life. WBEZ Chicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/443/amusement-park |
p. 345 |
Artwork on a museum website |
Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/6565 |
p. 346 |
Infographic |
Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival. https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/2015/11/space-junk-infographic/ |
p. 346 |
Map |
Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map |
p. 347 |
Photograph |
McCurry, S. (1985). Afgan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationageographic.com/magazine/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm_1985-jun-714.jpg |
p. 347 |
Tweet |
Badlands National Park [@BadlandsNPS]. (2018, February 26). Biologists have identified more than 400 different plant species growing in @BadlandsNPS #DYK #biodiversity [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/BadlandsNPS/status/968196500412133379 |
p. 348 |
Facebook post |
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, November 28). Suicide affects all ages, genders, races, and ethnicities. Check out these 5 Action Steps for Helping Someone in Emotional Pain [Infographic]. Facebook. http://bit.ly/321Qstq |
p. 349 |
Online forum post |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]. (2018, September 12). I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight! [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/ |
p. 350 |
Webpages and websites |
Author, A. A. OR Name of Group. (date). Title of work. Site name. URL |
10.16 |
Webpage on a news website |
Amramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy, healthy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-leads-to-life-intl/index.html |
p. 351 |
Webpages on an organizational website |
World Health Organization. (2018, March). Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety. https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/ |
p. 351 |
Statutes (Laws and Acts) |
Name of Act, Title Source § Section Number (Year). URL **Consult APA Section 11.5; To type the § symbol, hold down Alt and type 0167. |
Section 11.5 |
Federal statute |
Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 6301 (2015). https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf |
pp. 362-63 |
Personal communications |
S. Source (personal communication, date) **Works that cannot be recovered by readers, including emails, personal interviews, and class lectures without an external repository, are cited in the text as personal communications and not included in the reference list. |
Section 8.9 |
Personal communication cited in text |
T. Nguyen (personal communication, August 8, 2019) (T. Nguyen, personal communication, August 8, 2019) |
p. 260 |
Course material |
If course material comes from a resource that your audience has access to (e.g., a Canvas site), provide the name of site and URL. If your audience does not have access to that resource,cite the course material as a personal communication (see the section above). |
Sections 8.9 and 10.14 |
Lecture notes |
Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation.] Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https://uchilefau.academia.edu/ElseZCanan |
p. 347 |
Lecture slides |
Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login |
p. 347 |